| 2021-02-05
**Helper 方法让创建测试数据变得更容易。但随着时间的推移，它们会变得更难理解。**因为您需要测试数据的更多变形，来满足不断变化的新测试要求：
// This helper method starts with just a single parameter:
Company company = newCompany(PUBLIC);
// But soon it acquires more and more parameters.
// Conditionals creep into the newCompany() method body to handle the nulls,
// and the method calls become hard to read due to the long parameter lists:
Company small = newCompany(2, 2, null, PUBLIC);
Company privatelyOwned = newCompany(null, null, null, PRIVATE);
Company bankrupt = newCompany(null, null, PAST_DATE, PUBLIC);
// Or a new method is added each time a test needs a different combination of fields:
Company small = newCompanyWithEmployeesAndBoardMembers(2, 2, PUBLIC);
Company privatelyOwned = newCompanyWithType(PRIVATE);
Company bankrupt = newCompanyWithBankruptcyDate(PAST_DATE, PUBLIC);
相反，应该使用 Test Data Builder 模式：创建一个帮助方法，它返回一个被部分构造的对象（例如，Java 语言中的一个 Builder ，或者一个可变对象），其状态可以在测试中被重写。helper 方法将逻辑上必需的字段初始化为合理的默认值，因此每个测试仅指定与测试用例相关的字段：
Company small = newCompany().setEmployees(2).setBoardMembers(2).build();
Company privatelyOwned = newCompany().setType(PRIVATE).build();
Company bankrupt = newCompany().setBankruptcyDate(PAST_DATE).build();
Company arbitraryCompany = newCompany().build();
// Zero parameters makes this method reusable for different variations of Company.
// It also doesn’t need conditionals to ignore parameters that aren’t set (e.g. null
// values) since a test can simply not set a field if it doesn’t care about it.
private static Company.Builder newCompany() {
return Company.newBuilder().setType(PUBLIC).setEmployees(100); // Set required fields
}
还请注意，测试不应依赖于由 helper 方法中指定的默认值，因为这会强制读者读取 helper 方法的实现细节，以便能理解测试。
// This test needs a public company, so explicitly set it.
// It also needs a company with no board members, so explicitly clear it.
Company publicNoBoardMembers = newCompany().setType(PUBLIC).clearBoardMembers().build();
更多相关内容请参见 Test Data Builders: an alternative to the Object Mother pattern。
发表时间：February 20, 2018
原文作者：Ben Yu